ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED

EIN: 116107128 501(c)(3) Environment

NEW YORK, NY

Total Revenue
$443,267,772
Total Expenses
$356,751,950
Total Assets
$520,426,832
Net Assets
$386,679,591
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Financial Vulnerability Assessment (Tuckman-Chang)

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Financial Trends

Organization Details

Formation Year
1967
Legal Domicile
NY
Phone
2125052100
Tax Period
2024-10-01 to 2025-09-30

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND INCORPORATED, founded in 1967, is a major nonprofit in the Environment sector that reported $443.3M in total revenue in fiscal year 2024. Revenue surged 48% from the prior year, signaling strong growth momentum. The organization ran a surplus of $86.5M, a strong 20% operating margin.

Mission

TO PRESERVE THE NATURAL SYSTEMS ON WHICH ALL LIFE DEPENDS. GUIDED BY SCIENCE & ECONOMICS, WE FIND PRACTICAL & LASTING SOLUTIONS TO THE MOST SERIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS. WE WORK TO STABILIZE THE CLIMATE, STRENGTHEN THE ABILITY OF PEOPLE AND NATURE TO THRIVE AND SUPPORT PEOPLE'S HEALTH.

Program Service Accomplishments

Program 1
Expenses: $94,000,129 Revenue: $0

PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT - IN FY 2025, EDF RELIED ON DATA FROM THE METHANESAT SATELLITE AND METHANEAIR FLIGHTS TO PROVIDE THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE GLOBAL LOOK AT HOW MUCH METHANE IS...

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PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT - IN FY 2025, EDF RELIED ON DATA FROM THE METHANESAT SATELLITE AND METHANEAIR FLIGHTS TO PROVIDE THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE GLOBAL LOOK AT HOW MUCH METHANE IS BEING EMITTED BY OIL AND GAS PRODUCERS. AT THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION, EDF PARTICIPATED IN TECHNICAL DISCUSSIONS ABOUT THE SHIPPING DECARBONIZATION STRATEGY, FOCUSED ON EFFICIENCY, AND A FUEL STANDARD. IN THE U.S., EDF HELPED ADVANCE CLEAN AFFORDABLE ENERGY AND PERMITTING FOR CLEAN ENERGY PROJECTS IN CALIFORNIA, FLORIDA, ILLINOIS, NEW MEXICO, NORTH CAROLINA, CONNECTICUT, MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, RHODE ISLAND, VERMONT, TEXAS, AND OTHER STATES.

Program 2
Expenses: $89,672,447 Revenue: $0

CORE CAPACITIES AND EDUCATION - IN FY 2025, EDF DELIVERED RESULTS ACROSS OUR CORE CAPACITIES, INCLUDING CORPORATE ENGAGEMENT, ECONOMICS AND SCIENCE. EDF WORKED WITH THREE NEW CORPORATE MEMBERS INTO...

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CORE CAPACITIES AND EDUCATION - IN FY 2025, EDF DELIVERED RESULTS ACROSS OUR CORE CAPACITIES, INCLUDING CORPORATE ENGAGEMENT, ECONOMICS AND SCIENCE. EDF WORKED WITH THREE NEW CORPORATE MEMBERS INTO THE DAIRY METHANE ACTION ALLIANCE TO REDUCE METHANE EMISSIONS ACROSS DAIRY SUPPLY CHAINS. EDF ADVANCED SCIENCE BY DEMONSTRATING A CUTTING-EDGE HYDROGEN SENSOR BEING USED IN A RESEARCH STUDY COORDINATED BY EDF TO MEASURE HYDROGEN EMISSIONS. EDF'S WATER LEADERSHIP INSTITUTE WORKED WITH MORE THAN 70 RURAL AND TRIBAL LEADERS, IN TECHNICAL DISCUSSIONS ON SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE AND NETWORKS TO ADDRESS WATER CHALLENGES IN THEIR COMMUNITIES.

Program 3
Expenses: $58,033,044 Revenue: $0

STRENGTHEN PEOPLE'S AND NATURE'S ABILITY TO THRIVE - IN FY 2025, EDF MADE PROGRESS ON RESILIENT WATER SUPPLIES IN CALIFORNIA, COLORADO, NEW MEXICO AND TEXAS. EDF ADVANCED POLICY AND MANAGEMENT...

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STRENGTHEN PEOPLE'S AND NATURE'S ABILITY TO THRIVE - IN FY 2025, EDF MADE PROGRESS ON RESILIENT WATER SUPPLIES IN CALIFORNIA, COLORADO, NEW MEXICO AND TEXAS. EDF ADVANCED POLICY AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FISHERIES, HELPING TO STRENGTHEN CONSERVATION EFFORTS, IMPROVE REGULATION OF FISHING PRACTICES AND MODERNIZE GOVERNANCE.

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Trantor Score

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Liquidity (40%) • Solvency (30%) • Sustainability (20%) • Efficiency (10%)

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Financial Overview (2024)

Revenue Breakdown

Contributions & Grants $411,250,696
Program Service Revenue $0
Investment Income $10,171,684
Other Revenue $21,845,392
TOTAL REVENUE $443,267,772

Expense Breakdown

Grants Paid $51,557,871
Salaries & Benefits $133,664,337
Fundraising Expenses $25,211,858
Program Expenses $314,673,973
Other Expenses $171,501,525
TOTAL EXPENSES $356,751,950

Year-over-Year Comparison

2024 2023 Change
Revenue $443,267,772 $298,689,286 +0.5%
Expenses $356,751,950 $295,808,792 +0.2%
Net Income $86,515,822 $2,880,494 +29.0%
Key Indicators
✓ Grants to Organizations ✗ Grants to Individuals ✓ Lobbying ✗ Political Activity ✓ Foreign Activities ✗ Donor Advised Fund ✓ Schedule B Required
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Governance

Voting Members
42
Independent Members
42
Employees
1058
Volunteers
42

Governance Policies

✗ Conflict of Interest Policy
✗ Whistleblower Policy
✗ Document Retention Policy

Special Practices & Reported Activities

✗ Operated a School
✗ Operated a Hospital
✗ Provided First Class Travel
✗ Reported Conflict of Interest
✗ Reported Asset Diversion
✗ Excess Benefit Transaction
✗ Made Political Expenditures
✓ Engaged in Lobbying
✗ Operated Donor Advised Fund
✗ Maintained Art Collections
✗ Filed Form 720

Compensation of Officers, Directors & Key Employees

Total Officers
5
$3,040,373
Total Directors
43
$0
Key Employees
0
$0
Highest Compensated
5
reported
Name Title Hours/Week Role Reportable Comp Other Comp Total
Abby Leigh Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Adam Met PhD Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Alice Hill Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Andrea Monge Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Bruce V Rauner Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Carl Ferenbach Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Christopher A Cole Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Christopher Costello Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Coddy Johnson Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
David S Vogel Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Dr Tony G Reames Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Elizabeth McCance Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
G Leonard Baker JR Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Georges C Benjamin MD Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Ion Yadigaroglu Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Joshua Bekenstein Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Katherine Lorenz Vice Chair 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Kathryn Murdoch Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Kenneth Olden PhD Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Kevin Johnson Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Kristen J Feldman Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Leslie Dach Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Lisa Keith Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Lise Strickler Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Lynn R Goldman MD MPH Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Marie Lynn Miranda PhD Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Mark W Heising Chair 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Matt Cohler Vice Chair 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Michael D Bills Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Peggy M Shepard Vice Chair 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Rachel Crane Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Richard J Lazarus Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Ruth DeFries PhD Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Secretary Ray Mabus Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Shelby W Bonnie Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Spencer Robertson Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Stanley Druckenmiller Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Stephen W Pacala PhD Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Susan Ford Dorsey Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Susan Mandel Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Susan Oberndorf Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
THE HONORABLE THOMAS H Kean Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Virginia Sall Trustee 2.0
Director
$0 $0 $0
Amanda Leland Executive Director 40.0
Officer
$625,826 $52,825 $678,651
Frederic D Krupp President 36.0
Officer
$1,167,858 $66,026 $1,233,884
N Lou Mkanganwi thru 662025 Chief Financial & Technology Officer & Treasurer 36.0
Officer
$388,146 $47,917 $436,063
Ronora Pawelko Sr. Director & Sr. Counsel - Political Law 24.0
Officer
$191,724 $14,190 $205,914
Sean Cook EVP, Chief Administrative Officer 40.0
Officer
$433,015 $52,846 $485,861
Amelia Middleton SVP, Chief Marketing & Communications Officer 40.0
Highest
$380,698 $56,695 $437,393
Angela Churie Kallhauge EVP, Impact 40.0
Highest
$416,099 $59,881 $475,980
Mark Brownstein SVP, Energy Transition 40.0
Highest
$381,721 $57,207 $438,928
Steven Hamburg SVP, Chief Scientist 40.0
Highest
$422,614 $43,569 $466,183
Thomas Murray EVP, Solutions 40.0
Highest
$404,431 $59,246 $463,677
CATHERINE NARDONE THRU 123123 FORMER SR. EVP, CHIEF DEV. OFFICER 0.0
$190,811 $0 $190,811
ERIC SCHWAAB THRU 32224 FORMER SVP, PEOPLE AND NATURE 0.0
$171,450 $0 $171,450
GWEN RUTA THRU 122223 FORMER SENIOR ADVISOR 0.0
$428,076 $0 $428,076
JAY KNOTT THRU 91623 FORMER COO, SENIOR EXECUTIVE VP 0.0
$215,440 $0 $215,440
Note: Compensation data is self-reported by the organization on their Form 990. "Reportable Comp" includes salary, bonuses, and other reportable compensation from the organization and related organizations. "Other Comp" includes benefits, deferred compensation, and non-taxable benefits.

Historical Data

Year Revenue Expenses Assets Net Income
2025 $443,267,772 $356,751,950 $520,426,832 $86,515,822
2024 $298,689,286 $295,808,792 $391,659,124 $2,880,494
2023 $247,057,586 $326,456,967 $477,638,635 $-79,399,381
2022 $284,762,302 $272,766,121 $452,168,552 $11,996,181
2021 $365,118,097 $216,037,687 $437,217,657 $149,080,410
2020 $200,629,015 $195,818,907 $267,858,763 $4,810,108
2019 $185,639,721 $188,642,920 $280,913,957 $-3,003,199
2018 $210,596,240 $183,610,231 $245,361,470 $26,986,009
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