LOWELL OBSERVATORY

EIN: 860098918 501(c)(3) Science & Technology

FLAGSTAFF, AZ

Total Revenue
$11,946,368
Total Expenses
$19,482,906
Total Assets
$102,618,903
Net Assets
$48,784,661
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Financial Trends

Organization Details

Formation Year
1946
Legal Domicile
AZ
Principal Officer
AMANDA BOSH
Phone
9287743358
Tax Period
2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31

LOWELL OBSERVATORY, founded in 1946, is a mid-sized nonprofit in the Science & Technology sector that reported $11.9M in total revenue in fiscal year 2024. Revenue fell 41% from the prior year — a significant decline worth monitoring. Expenses of $19.5M exceeded revenue, resulting in a 63% operating deficit.

Mission

THE MISSION OF LOWELL OBSERVATORY IS TO PURSUE THE STUDY OF ASTRONOMY, ESPECIALLY THE STUDY OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM AND ITS EVOLUTION; TO CONDUCT PURE RESEARCH IN ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA; AND TO MAINTAIN QUALITY PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH PROGRAMS TO BRING THE RESULTS OF ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH TO THE PUBLIC.

Program Service Accomplishments

Program 1
Expenses: $10,283,002 Revenue: $1,728,749

CONTINUING A 130+-YEAR-LONG LEGACY OF ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERY, LOWELL OBSERVATORY ASTRONOMERS, PLANETARY SCIENTISTS, AND OTHER RESEARCHERS CONDUCTED FOREFRONT RESEARCH IN MANY AREAS OF ASTRONOMY FROM...

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CONTINUING A 130+-YEAR-LONG LEGACY OF ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERY, LOWELL OBSERVATORY ASTRONOMERS, PLANETARY SCIENTISTS, AND OTHER RESEARCHERS CONDUCTED FOREFRONT RESEARCH IN MANY AREAS OF ASTRONOMY FROM THE SUN AND OUR SOLAR SYSTEM TO EXOPLANETS, STARS, GALAXIES, AND COSMOLOGY. IN 2024, LOWELL SCIENTISTS PUBLISHED OVER 120 PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS IN LEADING SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS, ALONG WITH ANOTHER 69 PAPERS IN OTHER VENUES. LOWELL SCIENTISTS ALSO GAVE NUMEROUS PRESENTATIONS AT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES AND PUBLIC OUTREACH EVENTS AND PARTICIPATED IN MAJOR SCIENTIFIC MISSIONS USING WORLD-LEADING TELESCOPES ACROSS THE GLOBE AND IN SPACE. LOWELL SCIENTIFIC STAFF CONTINUE TO BE VERY SUCCESSFUL AT OBTAINING GRANTS IN SUPPORT OF THEIR RESEARCH FROM NASA, THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, AND OTHER AGENCIES.THE 4.3-METER LOWELL DISCOVERY TELESCOPE (LDT) DELIVERED APPROXIMATELY 257 SCIENCE NIGHTS USED BY ASTRONOMERS ON THE STAFF AT LOWELL, AND OUR PARTNER INSTITUTIONS: BOSTON UNIVERSITY, NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY, THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOLEDO, AND YALE UNIVERSITY. IN TOTAL, THE LDT FEATURED PROMINENTLY IN MORE THAN 45 SCIENTIFIC OR TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS. THE LDT'S GROWING SUITE OF STATE-OF-THE-ART INSTRUMENTS, SUCH AS THE HIGH-PRECISION SPECTROGRAPH EXPRES, ENABLE CUTTING EDGE RESEARCH ACROSS MULTIPLE FIELDS, INCLUDING THE SEARCH FOR EXOPLANETS. LOWELL OBSERVATORY ALSO CONTINUED TO OPERATE OTHER SMALLER RESEARCH TELESCOPES AT ITS ANDERSON MESA AND MARS HILL SITES; AT THE MESA THEY ARE OPERATING A MODERN 1-METER TELESCOPE EQUIPPED WITH BOTH IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPIC CAPABILITIES. ACCESS TO LOCAL TELESCOPES EQUIPPED WITH WORLD-CLASS INSTRUMENTS HAS ENABLED SCIENCE THAT COULD NOT BE DONE ELSEWHERE. IN 2024, LOWELL OBSERVATORY LAUNCHED ITS SCIENCE VISION, A LONG-TERM PLAN TO ADVANCE OBSERVATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE. THIS STRATEGIC INITIATIVE OUTLINES MAJOR NEW GOALS, INCLUDING SIGNIFICANT UPGRADES TO THE LDT, THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEXT-GENERATION INSTRUMENTATION, NEW PATHWAYS FOR PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT WITH SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY, AND EXPANDED OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF ASTRONOMERS AND ENGINEERS. EARLY IMPLEMENTATION EFFORTS BEGAN IN 2024, INCLUDING PLANNING FOR AN UPGRADED ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEM AND FEASIBILITY STUDIES FOR FUTURE LARGE-APERTURE FACILITIES.LOWELL OBSERVATORY REMAINS COMMITTED TO PIONEERING RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, AND SHARING DISCOVERY WITH THE BROADER COMMUNITY.

Program 2
Expenses: $4,888,858 Revenue: $2,795,663

LOWELL OBSERVATORY'S PUBLIC PROGRAMS WERE IN FULL OPERATION THROUGHOUT 2024. THE BIG CHANGE IN 2024 WAS THAT AFTER FOUR YEARS OF CONSTRUCTION AND RAISING $53.6 MILLION DOLLARS FOR THE NEW FACILITY...

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LOWELL OBSERVATORY'S PUBLIC PROGRAMS WERE IN FULL OPERATION THROUGHOUT 2024. THE BIG CHANGE IN 2024 WAS THAT AFTER FOUR YEARS OF CONSTRUCTION AND RAISING $53.6 MILLION DOLLARS FOR THE NEW FACILITY, LOWELL OBSERVATORY CELEBRATED THE GRAND OPENING OF THE MARLEY FOUNDATION ASTRONOMY DISCOVERY CENTER (ADC) IN NOVEMBER 2024. THE ADC IS A PLACE THAT SPARKS CURIOSITY AND DISCOVERY FOR VISITORS FROM AROUND THE GLOBE. THE THREE-STORY, 40,200-SQUARE-FOOT ADC FEATURES A STATE-OF-THE-ART THEATER, EXHIBIT GALLERIES, AND A ROOFTOP AMPHITHEATER FOR EXPLORING FLAGSTAFF'S FAMOUSLY DARK SKIES. THE COST OF THE FACILITY WAS FUNDED BY PHILANTHROPIC DONATIONS AND STATE GRANTS A TESTAMENT TO THE INCREDIBLE SUPPORT FROM OUR COMMUNITIES AND A SHOW OF HOW MUCH SUCH A SCIENCE CENTER IS NEEDED IN NORTHERN ARIZONA. GENERAL ADMISSION OFFERINGS FOR OVER 90,000 VISITORS DURING 2024 INCLUDED REGULARLY SCHEDULED DAYTIME GUIDED TOURS OF THE MARS HILL CAMPUS AND NIGHTTIME DARK SKY TOURS. STAFF HOSTED OPEN HOUSES OF THE HISTORIC CLARK AND PLUTO TELESCOPES, AND PROVIDED REGULARLY SCHEDULED TALKS, DESCRIBING THE HISTORY AND IMPORTANCE OF THE DISCOVERY OF PLUTO, CURRENT ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH, THE LIFE CYCLE OF STARS AND OUTDOOR CONSTELLATION TALKS. SPECIAL TOURS AND PROGRAMS PROVIDED SMALL GROUP ACCESS TO THE 24-INCH DYER TELESCOPE AND INSTRUCTION IN ASTROPHOTOGRAPHY.PROGRAMS FOCUSED ON ELEMENTARY EDUCATION ALSO GREW IN 2024. ROUGHLY 9,000 SCHOOL CHILDREN VISITED LOWELL AS PART OF SCHOOL FIELD TRIPS. THE LOWELL OBSERVATORY ORBITS CURIOSITY CAMP PROGRAMS CONTINUED A DECADE-LONG GROWTH TREND IN THE SUMMER AND SERVED MORE THAN 275 CHILDREN, WITH A WAITING LIST OF OVER 50. THE NATIVE AMERICAN ASTRONOMY OUTREACH PROGRAM TEAM CONDUCTED CLASSROOM VISITS THROUGHOUT THE SCHOOL YEAR AND HOSTED CAMPS FOR STUDENTS.WORKING IN COLLABORATION WITH THE MARKETING AND COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT, THE OUTREACH TEAM CONTINUED TO PROVIDE ON-LINE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMING. REGULAR OFFERINGS INCLUDED OPERATING TELESCOPES FOR THE "INTERACTIVE STARGAZING" SEGMENTS ON YOUTUBE AND PROVIDING CONTENT FOR SOCIAL MEDIA UPDATES REGARDING PHENOMENA IN THE NIGHT SKY. SPECIAL PROGRAMMING IN 2024 INCLUDED THE ANNUAL I HEART PLUTO FESTIVAL, THE APRIL TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE (HOSTED JOINTLY WITH DISCOVERY CHANNEL, BAYLOR UNIVERSITY, AND THE CITY OF WACO, TX) AND LIVESTREAMS HIGHLIGHTING LUNAR ECLIPSES, METEOR SHOWERS, AND NATIONAL ASTRONOMY DAY.PRIVATE EVENTS AND FACILITY RENTALS WERE HOSTED AT LOWELL, WITH STRONG INTEREST IN THE SPACES IN THE NEW ASTRONOMY DISCOVERY CENTER.

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Liquidity (40%) • Solvency (30%) • Sustainability (20%) • Efficiency (10%)

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Financial Overview (2024)

Revenue Breakdown

Contributions & Grants $7,331,293
Program Service Revenue $3,967,818
Investment Income $86,613
Other Revenue $560,644
TOTAL REVENUE $11,946,368

Expense Breakdown

Grants Paid $175,151
Salaries & Benefits $11,647,319
Fundraising Expenses $1,757,523
Program Expenses $15,171,860
Other Expenses $7,660,436
TOTAL EXPENSES $19,482,906

Year-over-Year Comparison

2024 2023 Change
Revenue $11,946,368 $20,163,990 -0.4%
Expenses $19,482,906 $18,645,161 +0.0%
Net Income $-7,536,538 $1,518,829 -6.0%
Key Indicators
Grants to Organizations Grants to Individuals Lobbying Political Activity Foreign Activities Donor Advised Fund Schedule B Required
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Governance

Voting Members
1
Independent Members
N/A
Employees
183
Volunteers
94

Governance Policies

Conflict of Interest Policy
Whistleblower Policy
Document Retention Policy

Special Practices & Reported Activities

Operated a School
Operated a Hospital
Provided First Class Travel
Reported Conflict of Interest
Reported Asset Diversion
Excess Benefit Transaction
Made Political Expenditures
Engaged in Lobbying
Operated Donor Advised Fund
Maintained Art Collections
Filed Form 720

Compensation of Officers, Directors & Key Employees

Total Officers
4
$670,541
Total Directors
1
$18,684
Key Employees
4
$788,279
Highest Compensated
5
reported
Name Title Hours/Week Role Reportable Comp Other Comp Total
HALL JEFFREY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 40.00
Officer
$201,538 $35,293 $236,831
BOSH AMANDA EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR/COO 40.00
Officer
$182,918 $33,387 $216,305
CURRIE LESLIE CHIEF PHILANTHROPY OFFICER 38.00
Key Emp
$188,531 $15,640 $204,171
HUNTER DEIDRE ASTRONOMER 40.00
Highest
$179,553 $23,537 $203,090
MASSEY PHILIP ASTRONOMER 40.00
Highest
$184,820 $16,977 $201,797
LEVINE STEPHEN DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION 40.00
Key Emp
$180,027 $20,979 $201,006
LABRUZZO ANNE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 36.00
Officer
$176,555 $22,166 $198,721
VAN BELLE GERARD T DIRECTOR OF SCIENCE 40.00
Key Emp
$163,586 $32,469 $196,055
WEST MICHAEL ASTRONOMER 40.00
Highest
$180,726 $11,941 $192,667
KUEHN KYLER DIRECTOR OF TECHNOLOGY 40.00
Key Emp
$156,865 $30,182 $187,047
GRUNDY WILLIAM ASTRONOMER 40.00
Highest
$153,632 $32,282 $185,914
PRATO LISA A ASTRONOMER 40.00
Highest
$158,354 $20,819 $179,173
PUTNAM LOWELL TRUSTEE 30.00
Officer Director
$6 $18,678 $18,684
Note: Compensation data is self-reported by the organization on their Form 990. "Reportable Comp" includes salary, bonuses, and other reportable compensation from the organization and related organizations. "Other Comp" includes benefits, deferred compensation, and non-taxable benefits.

Historical Data

Year Revenue Expenses Assets Net Income
2025 No data No data No data No data
2024 $11,946,368 $19,482,906 $102,618,903 $-7,536,538
2023 $20,163,990 $18,645,161 $85,437,670 $1,518,829
2022 $20,035,165 $19,188,129 $78,976,661 $847,036
2021 $22,823,113 $16,074,661 $78,377,713 $6,748,452
2020 $16,133,508 $13,478,815 $70,100,548 $2,654,693
2019 $29,221,520 $14,346,917 $65,145,325 $14,874,603
2018 $16,797,299 $12,829,418 $48,062,648 $3,967,881
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